. In 1859, when Windham's population was 2,380, it had 8 sawmills, a corn (Maize) and flour mill, 2 shingle (roof shingle) mills, a fulling mill, 2 carding mills, a woolen textile factory, a barrel factory, a chair stuff factory, the gunpowder factory and 2 tanneries (tanning). Oriental Powder Company became the largest gunpowder factory in Maine, and remained in operation until 1905 providing rock blasting powder, gunpowder for belligerents